Game theory researchers misuse rationality, again, in simplistic tests
Posted on June 29th, 2009 at 9:03pm by bile Tags: David Jaglowski, economics, fairness, financial sacrifices, game theory, human action, Ludwig von Mises, maladaptive behavior, market, Mises, monetary decisions, praxology, psychology, rational actors, rational behavior, rationality, research, science, theory, ultimatum game 1 Comment »Game theory has provided researchers in a variety of fields, from psychology to economics, an opportunity to test human behaviors under controlled conditions. It allows big questions—are humans rational actors when money’s on the line, for example—to be tested in situations where behaviors that deviate from expectations are easy to detect. The Ultimatum Game is one example of these experiments, and it has been used to show that humans aren’t purely rational when it comes to monetary decisions, as they appear willing to make financial sacrifices in order to punish others in the name of fairness. A paper that will appear at PNAS this week takes things a step further and shows that people will still reject unfair monetary offers, even when the only one they punish is themselves.
The basic rules of the Ultimatum Game are simple. One person is given a stack of cash, and told to divide it between themselves and a second party. That second party is then given the chance to accept or reject the offer; if it’s rejected, neither of them get any money. Clearly, any of this free money should be better than nothing, so under assumptions of strictly rational behavior, you might expect all offers to be accepted.
They’re not.
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